«El retrato»: Dante Gabriel Rossetti; poema y análisis.
El retrato (The Portrait) es un poema prerrafaelita del escritor inglés Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828-1882), compuesto en 1868 y publicado en la antología de 1881: Baladas y sonetos (Ballads and Sonnets), como parte del ciclo: La Casa de la Vida (The House of Life).
En El retrato, uno de los mejores poemas de Dante Gabriel Rossetti, se niega la estética del dolor, ampliamente difundida en el romanticismo. En cambio, propone que el arte no es un ejercicio catártico sino un proceso de idealización que, paradójicamente, se acerca mejor que ningún otro a la realidad objetiva.
Supongamos que la idea central de una obra de arte cualquiera sea, por ejemplo, evocar a una persona amada que ha muerto. Para Dante Rossetti la única forma de acercarse a la realidad objetiva, en este caso, a una persona en particular, es a través de su representación artística, es decir, subjetiva. El retrato es uno de los tantos poemas de Dante Gabriel Rossetti en examinar esta filosofía, la cual vincula directamente al amor y el arte como expresiones de un mismo sentimiento.
En El retrato el objeto de ese amor es innominado gracias a ese mismo proceso de idealización, aunque las posibilidades históricas reducen su búsqueda a dos mujeres: Elizabeth Siddal, esposa de Dante Gabriel Rossetti, quien se suicidó ingiriendo una dosis letal de láudano; y Jane Morris, musa del poeta y esposa del escritor prerrafaelita William Morris.
El proceso de idealización traslada al amante-poeta a una región trascendental que agrupa todas sus experiencias, es decir, a todos sus amores, haciendo del arte un acto de devoción a ese ideal sin nombre.
El retrato.
The Portrait, Dante Rossetti (1828-1882)
He aquí su retrato, tal como era:
no me asombrara tanto si al marcharme
del cuarto quedase cautivo
mi rostro en el espejo tras mirarme.
Lo observo largamente y me parece
que aún respira y su boca se estremece,
que se entreabren sus labios, que podría
oír su dulce acento todavía,
y no obstante en la tierra permanece.
Así fue, como rayo que silencioso
hace la prisión aun más tenebrosa,
del rocío constante ese latido
que da a la soledad su propia prosa.
Del galardón de amor sólo perdura
esto, y lo que con tristes andrajos
recogen de mi alma su consejo,
queda lo que es secreto y es reflejo
bajo tierra sepulto o allí, en la alta tersura.
Al pintar yo, devoto, su figura
entre árboles la puse, donde apenas
la luz penetra el místico verdor,
y el dulce susurrar de las amenas
voces llega apagado; ante el brillante
fuego fatuo, y figuras cuyo ausente
nombre ignoran de sí, y aquella lluvia
de otro tiempo, y sus pasos detrás mío,
escapando como vino, quedamente.
Un bosque sombrío y profundo; allí está ella
como lo estuvo un tiempo, así era entonces:
sus manos sosegadas de doncella,
y el grato fluir de líneas puras, bronces,
la cifra rebasando de lo hermoso
cual ignota presencia o cual dichoso
sueño. Es ella y ya no es ni sombra leve
de si misma en la hierba ni ese breve
reflejo sobre el río rumoroso.
Solos nos encontramos aquel día
y nada entonces turba o importuna
nuestra perfecta dicha y armonía.
—La memoria hace hoy triste, cual la luna
que aparece de día, aquel momento—.
Junto a ella bebo en la fuente, sediento
de otras aguas que fluyen a mi vera,
canta ella donde el eco reverbera
y allí mi alma se llena de contento.
Apenas tuve el ánimo dispuesto
para decir lo que en secreto arde,
estalló la tormenta, el trueno atento
resonó entre los montes. Esa tarde,
junto al cristal que la lluvia batía,
repetí mis palabras, ella oía
con sus ojos perdidos en los campos
por la lluvia y el viento aún apagados,
desiertos y cenagosos todavía.
Aún se agitaba el recuerdo, al otro día,
de todas esas cosas, como el viento
que acaricia la hoja, aún batía
el amor con su ala. Ese momento
deseaba hacer mío y un retrato
me propuse pintar. En dulce trato
fui, entre silencio y platica, trazando
su imagen entre ramas, imitando
la sombra de los árboles.
Y aun cuando la pintaba, todo
era aire fragante en torno mío,
mi amor en su pesar adivinaba
en cada flor bañada de rocío
un corazón latiendo en la espesura.
Oh corazón que ya no se late,
que yace en las tinieblas exiliado
¿Qué es para ti mi amor o esta delgada
red que el sol urde con ternura?
Ya que ahora la luz niega esos días,
nada para escuchar o ver nos queda,
sólo un grave murmullo en las sombrías
tinieblas trae a mi oído su voz queda,
cuando la brisa inclina hacia el sendero,
la sombra de las hojas, y la ribera,
el bosque y las aguas, que el dorado
rubor de las estrellas ha coronado,
yacen igual que yace lo olvidado.
Pude anoche dormir y fantaseando
fui diluyendo mi sueño hasta perderlo.
El llanto mansamente fue brotando
de mis ojos, pues, sin yo pretenderlo,
me hallé en aquellos bosques que un día
con ella recorrí; y allí permanecía,
en una mota de noche sumergida,
cuando al borde de luz llegó el estampido
del océano que tiene corazón de arpía.
Donde el cielo su hálito contiene
y del amor escucha su latido,
donde el ángel reposa su ala tenue
en torno a los astros escondido
¡Cómo habrá de embelesarse complacida
mi alma cuando libre y renacida,
tras los acordes de la celestial danza,
en su alma penetre sin tardanza
y en su silencio a Dios conozca en vida!
Aquí, cercano a su rostro, mi memoria
queda mientras aguarda el dulce ocaso,
hasta que con la mirada gloriosa,
con los ojos más tiernos, oh Parnaso,
que los de ayer, pueda mirar. Y en tanto
anhelo y esperanza, ya quebranto,
se han perdido, en su imagen permanecen
intactos, cual cruzados que perecen
y reposan junto al Sepulcro Santo.
This is her picture as she was;
It seems a thing to wonder on,
As though mine image in the glass
Should tarry when myself am gone.
I gave until she seems to stir,
Until mine eyes almost aver
That now, even now, the sweet lips part
To breathe the words of the sweet heart:
And yet the earth is over her.
Alas! even such the thin-drawn ray
That makes the prison-depths more rude,—
The drip of water night and day
Giving a tongue to solitude.
Yet only this, of love’s whole prize
Remains; save what, in mournful guise,
Takes counsel with my soul alone,—
Save what is secret and unknown,
Below the earth, above the skies.
In painting her I shrin’d her face
’Mid mystic trees, where light falls in
Hardly at all; a covert place
Where you might think to find a din
Of doubtful talk, and a live flame
Wandering, and many a shape whose name
Not itself knoweth, and old dew,
And your own footsteps meeting you,
And all things going as they came.
A deep, dim wood; and there she stands
As in that wood that day: for so
Was the still movement of her hands,
And such the pure line’s gracious flow.
And passing fair the type must seem,
Unknown the presence and the dream.
’T is she: though of herself, alas!
Less than her shadow on the grass,
Or than her image in the stream.
That day we met there, I and she,
One with the other all alone;
And we were blithe; yet memory
Saddens those hours, as when the moon
Looks upon daylight. And with her
I stoop’d to drink the spring-water,
Athirst where other waters sprang:
And where the echo is, she sang,—
My soul another echo there.
But when that hour my soul won strength
For words whose silence wastes and kills,
Dull raindrops smote us, and at length
Thunder’d the heat within the hills.
That eve I spoke those words again
Beside the pelted window-pane;
And there she hearken’d what I said,
With under-glances that survey’d
The empty pastures blind with rain.
Next day the memories of these things,
Like leaves through which a bird has flown,
Still vibrated with Love’s warm wings;
Till I must make them all my own
And paint this picture. So, ’twixt ease
Of talk and sweet, long silences,
She stood among the plants in bloom
At windows of a summer room,
To feign the shadow of the trees.
And as I wrought, while all above
And all around was fragrant air,
In the sick burthen of my love
It seemed each sun-thrill’d blossom there
Beat like a heart among the leaves.
O heart, that never beats nor heaves,
In that one darkness lying still,
What now to thee my love’s great will,
Or the fine web the sunshine weaves?
For now doth daylight disavow
Those days—nought left to see or hear.
Only in solemn whispers now
At night-time these things reach mine ear;
When the leaf-shadows at a breath
Shrink in the road, and all the heath,
Forest and water, far and wide,
In limpid starlight glorified,
Lie like the mystery of death.
Last night at last I could have slept,
And yet delay’d my sleep till dawn,
Still wandering. Then it was I wept:
For unawares I came upon
Those glades where once she walk’d with me:
And as I stood there suddenly,
All wan with traversing the night,
Upon the desolate verge of light
Yearn’d loud the iron-bosom’d sea.
Even so, where Heaven holds breath and hears
The beating heart of Love’s own breast,—
Where round the secret of all spheres
All angels lay their wings to rest,—
How shall my soul stand rapt and aw’d,
When, by the new birth borne abroad
Throughout the music of the suns,
It enters in her soul at once
And knows the silence there for God!
Here with her face doth memory sit
Meanwhile, and wait the day’s decline,
Till other eyes shall look from it,
Eyes of the spirit ’s Palestine,
Even than the old gaze tenderer:
While hopes and aims long lost with her
Stand round her image side by side,
Like tombs of pilgrims that have died
About the Holy Sepulchre.
Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828-1882)
It seems a thing to wonder on,
As though mine image in the glass
Should tarry when myself am gone.
I gave until she seems to stir,
Until mine eyes almost aver
That now, even now, the sweet lips part
To breathe the words of the sweet heart:
And yet the earth is over her.
Alas! even such the thin-drawn ray
That makes the prison-depths more rude,—
The drip of water night and day
Giving a tongue to solitude.
Yet only this, of love’s whole prize
Remains; save what, in mournful guise,
Takes counsel with my soul alone,—
Save what is secret and unknown,
Below the earth, above the skies.
In painting her I shrin’d her face
’Mid mystic trees, where light falls in
Hardly at all; a covert place
Where you might think to find a din
Of doubtful talk, and a live flame
Wandering, and many a shape whose name
Not itself knoweth, and old dew,
And your own footsteps meeting you,
And all things going as they came.
A deep, dim wood; and there she stands
As in that wood that day: for so
Was the still movement of her hands,
And such the pure line’s gracious flow.
And passing fair the type must seem,
Unknown the presence and the dream.
’T is she: though of herself, alas!
Less than her shadow on the grass,
Or than her image in the stream.
That day we met there, I and she,
One with the other all alone;
And we were blithe; yet memory
Saddens those hours, as when the moon
Looks upon daylight. And with her
I stoop’d to drink the spring-water,
Athirst where other waters sprang:
And where the echo is, she sang,—
My soul another echo there.
But when that hour my soul won strength
For words whose silence wastes and kills,
Dull raindrops smote us, and at length
Thunder’d the heat within the hills.
That eve I spoke those words again
Beside the pelted window-pane;
And there she hearken’d what I said,
With under-glances that survey’d
The empty pastures blind with rain.
Next day the memories of these things,
Like leaves through which a bird has flown,
Still vibrated with Love’s warm wings;
Till I must make them all my own
And paint this picture. So, ’twixt ease
Of talk and sweet, long silences,
She stood among the plants in bloom
At windows of a summer room,
To feign the shadow of the trees.
And as I wrought, while all above
And all around was fragrant air,
In the sick burthen of my love
It seemed each sun-thrill’d blossom there
Beat like a heart among the leaves.
O heart, that never beats nor heaves,
In that one darkness lying still,
What now to thee my love’s great will,
Or the fine web the sunshine weaves?
For now doth daylight disavow
Those days—nought left to see or hear.
Only in solemn whispers now
At night-time these things reach mine ear;
When the leaf-shadows at a breath
Shrink in the road, and all the heath,
Forest and water, far and wide,
In limpid starlight glorified,
Lie like the mystery of death.
Last night at last I could have slept,
And yet delay’d my sleep till dawn,
Still wandering. Then it was I wept:
For unawares I came upon
Those glades where once she walk’d with me:
And as I stood there suddenly,
All wan with traversing the night,
Upon the desolate verge of light
Yearn’d loud the iron-bosom’d sea.
Even so, where Heaven holds breath and hears
The beating heart of Love’s own breast,—
Where round the secret of all spheres
All angels lay their wings to rest,—
How shall my soul stand rapt and aw’d,
When, by the new birth borne abroad
Throughout the music of the suns,
It enters in her soul at once
And knows the silence there for God!
Here with her face doth memory sit
Meanwhile, and wait the day’s decline,
Till other eyes shall look from it,
Eyes of the spirit ’s Palestine,
Even than the old gaze tenderer:
While hopes and aims long lost with her
Stand round her image side by side,
Like tombs of pilgrims that have died
About the Holy Sepulchre.
Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828-1882)
Poemas de Dante Gabriel Rossetti. I Poemas góticos.
Más literatura gótica:
El análisis, resumen y traducción al español del poema de Dante Gabriel Rossetti: El retrato (The Portrait), fueron realizados por El Espejo Gótico. Para su reproducción escríbenos a elespejogotico@gmail.com
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